What is superior orbital fissure?

The superior orbital fissure is a narrow, elongated opening located in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It is situated at the back of the orbit (eye socket) and serves as a passageway for several important structures, including nerves, blood vessels, and muscles that supply the eye and surrounding structures.

Key structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure include the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III), trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV), ophthalmic nerve (a division of the trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve V), abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI), and the superior ophthalmic vein.

Damage or compression of these structures within the superior orbital fissure can lead to a range of symptoms, such as eye movement disorders, visual disturbances, pupil dysfunction, and facial pain. Such conditions may require medical intervention to relieve pressure and restore function.

Overall, the superior orbital fissure plays a crucial role in facilitating the passage of vital structures to and from the eye, allowing for proper functioning of the visual system.